The Feminist View from Abroad

I recently completed a one-year contract position at a university in Kazakhstan, and I’d like to talk a little about my experience.

If you’re interested in my reactions more generally to my year abroad, also check out my travel blog, In No Sense Abroad.

First, I consider myself lucky to have been born in the U.S. where, even if things aren’t perfect, we can at least fight to make them better.  My husband pointed out to me last week that all of a sudden I was acting very patriotic about this country, when after a few visits to the UK and Europe I’d stated how backwards the U.S. is in many ways, especially in regards to women and how I’d love to move abroad again.  And it’s true, I have a tendency to go back and forth about my relationship with my native country, and I’m pretty sure I’m not the only woman to feel this way.

At least we can talk about the crappy things that go on here, I’d tell him.  At least we can try to make it better.  At least there’s a dialogue, even if trolls do tend to lurk in every dark corner.

As an expat, professional woman in Kazakhstan, the only dialogue I’ve seen women included in (and yes, I will generalize a bit here, because I want this post to be about perceptions, something all women deal with every day, no matter where they live), is how well they keep the home and how much prettier they make the workplace by being there.  No matter how much your career means to you, I’ve had my supervisor tell me on numerous occasions, your greatest source of happiness will always come from your family, and you should hurry up and get one as soon as you can.  Odd enough, from my high and mighty feminist point of view, that these women would say things like that to themselves, but as a woman who took the job solely with a mind to the career I was building, it really was like worlds colliding. Read More »

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Why Daenerys is NOT Laura Bush.

First, allow me a cheap shot and a nitpick at the post that was included in the Weekly Feminist Reader: Daenerys being like a liberal white woman, but being compared to Laura Bush?  Um… are we thinking the same Laura Bush?  Wife of least-popular-president George W Bush, very conservative, THAT Laura Bush?  Calling her a liberal white woman?  But… whatever — nitpick.

Now, the meat of the bone I have to pick with this parallel — the argument is that Daenerys’ character is racist with very typical ‘white woman bringing civilization to the savage brown people’.  The proof supposedly comes from how she changes the cultures and civilizations of the Dothraki, particularly in regards to their treatment of women (because, y’know, rape).  But, because she’s white, she automatically must know better and she’s the only one who could have possibly civilized the savage barbarians.

Problem with this argument: The Dothraki are NOT the only ones who do this.  The article I’m arguing against in particular compares the Dothraki as being like the Klingons of Game Of Thrones.  Well… No.  EVERY culture does this, with select few, sympathetic characters not being completely dyed black in misogyny.  The Lannisters, the Starks, the Tullys, virtually every house in the mainland treats their women — victims of war, child brides sold as parts of bribes for loyalty between houses — the same way the Dothraki do.  The only difference is how the mainland knights and nobles dress it up and PRETEND to have some nobility and honorability (Again, with a few, select characters being written to be sympathetic who DON’T).  If anything, the Dothraki are just more honest and brutally blatant about their misogyny, and the better comparison is that the two different societies and cultures are a cautionary tale of “Who’s the real savage”. Read More »

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Women Should Not Be Shamed Into The Norm

In our society today words such as “slut”, “hootchie”, “whore” are applied on an everyday basis for many girls and young women today. Words that have become acceptable because they turn into headlines in the media, topics for policy reform within our education system; Words used as an excuse to an enduring oppression for women of all ages within our society. A new method of checks and balances as to how and what we should like. And if we don’t conform to these norms then we pay the consequences of being labeled these words that are perceived as derogatory.

School policies banning strapless prom dresses in New Jersey or body shaming policies in Stuyvesant High School in NYC enforce a silent message to theses young students on body shaming that will persevere throughout there lives after their academic years and onto adulthood. Not only do these policies send out the message in which young girls bodies are ruled not by themselves but by someone else’s, they send out message of insecurity perpetuating a sense of inferiority simply because we’re are women. As if being a woman one has to already abide by the approval of others. And if one does not abide by these norms then we would be labeled slut or invite negative actions towards us such as rape.

I clearly remember growing up in a similar culture during my high school years. Where if I wore a mini skirt in High School I’d look like a hootchie. Or if the girl next to me wore a low cut shirt would be slut. One  would be shamed away from wearing what we desired to wear simply because certain outfits would be labeled negatively by our peers. Now if we add today’s policies implemented by academic administrators, we are marking a bullseye on young girls today. More victims of bullying, or a legit reason to dignify certain rape cases where “she was asking for it” may be used simply because our institutions have labeled dressing a certain way against the rules. Read More »

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Gender and Violence through a Hegemonic Masculinity Lens: A Reflection from South Africa

I have often asked myself: “Why do boys/men fight and why are they so violent -when compared to women?” , “Why do boys/men have to rape women?” and “How does society reinforce and maintain notions of boy/manhood”.

Critical Men’s Studies fundamentally argues that there is no essence of masculinity and femininity which makes men and women behave in very different ways, rather it assumes that masculinities and femininities are constructed in relation to each other, even when there are no gendered ‘Others’ around. This position further challenges the tendency in patriarchal cultures that take males for granted as universal subjects and construct woman as the gendered others. Instead it focus on men as gendered beings and explore gendered power dynamics, addressing masculinities and femininities as relational opposites, enacted and performed through every forms of interaction imbued with power. Masculinities are complex and multifaceted.  In attempting to understand Gender – and in particular, masculinities – and how it relates to Violence and Crime, I have come across a variety of theories, and found Raewyn Connell’s notion of various forms of masculinities – particularly ‘Hegemonic Masculiniies’ most useful for this purpose.

Raewyn Connell work on Hegemonic Masculinities and how it plays out in society, albeit western centric, argues that masculinities are socialised, dynamic (ie: it changes over time) and influenced by social groups and friendship circles . Masculinity (and masculinities) are shaped by various social institutions such as: the Family; Religion, Communities; Education institutions (ie: Schools and Universities); The Work place.  Hegemonic masculinity is believed to be the emphasis on dominance/ leadership/control rooted in power and authority. Hegemonic masculinity brings to the fore the flaunting of sexual prowess, homophobia (misogyny and gender policing), compulsory heterosexuality, anti-authoritarian (and testing out) behaviour, emphasising physical strength (ie: muscles) and assertiveness. It is argued that hegemonic masculinities is what is evident and promoted in society, contending that ‘softer’ masculinities marginalised and condemned – even leading to social exclusion. Read More »

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Domestic workers’ rights move closer to becoming reality worldwide

As the International Labour Organization Convention 189 on domestic work turns two years old, we offer a look at how governments, unions and the private sector, supported by UN Women, are working towards ensuring that this female-dominated profession is regulated and worker’s rights are protected.

Cross-posted from UN Women

According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), there are 53-100 million domestic workers worldwide, 83 per cent of whom are women.[1] They represent 4 to 10 per cent of the labour force in developing countries and about 2 per cent in developed countries.[2] Their work is an important contribution to economic and social development. Still, 40 per cent of countries worldwide have no form of regulation of any kind for domestic workers.[3]

Domestic workers rejoice after the results of a vote on the ILO Convention on Domestic Workers at the 100th Session of the International Labour Conference, in Geneva, on 16 June 2011. Photo credit: International Labour Organization

Around the world, UN Women is working with Governments, domestic workers’ unions and the private sector to promote the rights of domestic workers –majority of who work as domestic helps in households-and ensure that domestic work is both regulated and covered by social protection. This includes supporting the Global Forum on Migration and Development and promoting the ratification of ILO Convention 189 on domestic work – a landmark international treaty adopted on 16 June 2011, which will come into force on 5 September 2013.

A snapshot of our work around the globe…

Asia-Pacific

“Due to conflict, I was displaced, jobless and forced to go to Israel to work to feed and educate my children,” says 40-year-old Kalpana Giri, a Care Giver from Kathmandu in the remote district of Bajura, western Nepal. “I faced violence, verbal abuse, my mobility was restricted by the recruiting agency, and there was less payment of salary, so I returned within five months.” Read More »

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