Stephenie Meyer's Twilight, and its "Independent" Heroine

There has been loads of criticism about Stephenie Meyer's Twilight series; being in the particular target demographic, I've been responding by shoving critical analyses at all my obsessed friends :P

There have already been many wonderful Community posts about Twilight.

But with the Twilight movie coming up (and I'm wincing a lot at that), publicity has been going into overdrive for the series. I was browsing through news articles today, and found an interview with lead actor Kristen Stewart.

While I find most of the interview pretty well-thought-out - and I also find it great that Ms Stewart actually did mention most of the points feminist and literary critics have against Twilight, one bit struck me as a little jarringly off:

Question: Have you followed any of the criticism from the feminist perspective about Bella?

KS: Ugh. I'd love to talk to them. Really. When I read little brief descriptions of the movie, I was like, "I don't want to be part of that." I was working on something else, and I didn't want to have my focus stray. It was like, "I don't wanna be part of this very set unrealistic ideological of love and push it on every little girl because they're never gonna get that." But the vampire in our story is entirely damaged. Bella wears the pants in the relationship. She's the sure-footed confident one. She's naive to the world of vampires and everything like that, but she's not doing it for him. It takes a lot of power and strength to subject yourself to someone completely, to give up the power. It has to start there. You'd be scrambling for it if you needed it. The fact that she is that, she is so trusting of herself.

It really has nothing to do with Edward and giving herself to him and being this weak damsel in distress. It's very courageous what she's doing. She's believing what's inside of her, driving her. It's a very personal thing, what she's going through. It really has nothing to do with Edward. So I don't know why [the criticism].

*Spoiler after the jump*


There are two rebuttals from Twilight fans that really, really get to me.

The first, I object to solely from my position as a literature student, which is that "Twilight doesn't have to make sense! It's a fantasy! Realism isn't necessary! You're reading too much of real-world stuff into it!" This point is patently ridiculous, but a solid foundation in literature is often enough to poke holes in this argument.

The other, which I utterly loathe, is the argument that the character of Bella Swan is "strong". The argument that she makes all her choices - to hook up with the vampire Edward, to become a vampire, to keep her vampire foetus (which ends up being bitten out of her uterus, iirc, but oh well) - takes the notion of choice, which to me and I expect to most is the essence of feminism, and completely abuses it. It's the same "choice" defence used by Schlafly and Palin and many others to excuse deliberately anti-feminist stances. I believe Ms Meyer used it herself.

The second argument, I find more insidious, because it sounds appealing to Twilight fans; I also hear it very frequently from the teenage-girls demographic. I find it rather difficult to counter-argue this point not from a society-based viewpoint (which would be simpler) but from the p.o.v. within the framework of the series itself. (That would be because I find myself unable to get through the first quarter of the first book without breaking into fits of rage and screaming...)

Mainly my beef with it would be that throughout the series, it's simply Bella gasping over the sweetness of Edward, the graciousness of Edward - heck, the sparkliness of Edward. That doesn't sound like a confident character, especially when she keeps fretting over her clumsiness and various other insecurities and keeps getting reassured that she's utterly gorgeous (as though that's all the affirmation she needs in life). I don't think many fans see Bella as being independent either, judging from how many cite the reason for their Edward-love as being how he's an old-fashioned gentleman (translation: he's in charge and lets her act demure).

Finally, is Twilight simply one of those popular phenomena that blow over really quickly and to which critics are overreacting? I truly don't know. It is after all a teenage fantasy, a genre not known to either have long-lasting impact or to be solidly constructed to begin within. Apologies for the length of this rant, then, if that's really the case.

Posted by beka - November 24, 2008, at 05:10PM | in Books
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167 Comments

[0+] Author Profile Page Geneva said:

first of all, i love twilight. i'm not going to lie. i just finished the last book and immediately flipped open the first because i missed it. i also went to the midnight premiere of the movie.
that being said, i think that the fact that twilight is so far off being "realistic" does actually have some weight in various arguments for it. i know many people are appalled by the abusiveness of edward's relationship with bella, but it's important to note that edward is, afterall, a vampire. nearly every instance of abusive behavior in the book is in response to some life-threatening situation. it would be very different if it were simply "edward is jealous and controlling, and therefor tells bella what to do and who to hang out with", but in reality the situation is much more like "bella's life is threatened by vampires who are intent on her destruction and edward, who knows vastly more about the vampire world, doesn't want bella to be alone or vulnerable because she's his soul mate and he can't stand the thought of her getting hurt"
i think the issue of choice is also very interesting, especially since the stephenie meyer is mormon. it's very obvious throughout the book, most notably when edward refuses to have sex with bella until they're married (to save her soul, of course *eye roll*) and later when bella refuses to terminate her pregnancy, even though the half-vampire, half-human fetus is slowly killing her and will eventually have to bite it's way out of her, which will certainly result in her death.
i think, however, that moments like these can be overlooked easily and still leave a wonderful book, bad writing and underdeveloped characters and all. bella does have moments of brilliance though, and especially in the last book she really rises to the occassion and shows her strength. i think again one of the reasons she seems so weak in comparison to the other characters is because she's human and really has no great way of dealing with the threat of vampires besides allowing edward and his family to protect her.
whew. sorry for the rambling. :)

But why was Bella written as so helpless? Why couldn't she have had some kind of secret superhuman power? I've read and written lots of stories where mortals and immortals face each other, each with their own advantages and disadvantages.

[0+] Author Profile Page court_oh_man replied to wax_ghost :

Actually, Bella does have her own special power or whatever you want to call it. Edward cannot read her mind, and she is also immune to all other vampires with powers dealing with the mind. So she is not completely helpless. And further on in the series once she too is a vampire she can extend this "shield" to protect those around her.

Thanks, court_oh_man.

I meant to say in my last post that I haven't read even a snip of the books.

Even if we take into account the it's-not-abuse-it's-vampirism, there's still a lot of creepiness going on. Take Jacob - he sexually assaults her, mentally abuses her, and gets off scott free because if it. Bella actually feels BAD about being mentally abused by him. Furthermore, after being forced into kissing him, she realizes that she actually DOES love him, so in essence, he was right all along, and she really was inadvertantly asking for it. This is not because he is a werewolf. It's because he is obsessed with her.

Sorry, just to clarify: Bella feels bad that she has hurt him so after being mentally abused by him.

[0+] Author Profile Page 12sided replied to Geneva :

Actually I've read in a review I agree with that the vampirism really makes it -worse- since Edward is unnaturally strong and Bella basically lives at his sufferance.

[0+] Author Profile Page nightingale said:

By my understanding, the movie is a different animal than the book. I haven't seen it yet, but apparently Bella in the movie is much stronger. Which is good, because the people claiming that the Bella of the book is strong are horribly mistaken: she doesn't get points for making decisions, and she never stands up for herself or really considers if the decisions she makes are in her best interest. All of her focus is around being with Edward, and while that doesn't make her a bad person or character, to be feminist the book needs to realize how wrong and stupid that is. (See: Romeo and Juliet, where the relationship has a similar dynamic, but the whole point is that the two star-crossed lovers are morons.)

However, regardless of if Bella is strong or not, a huge part of the plot is the danger of female sexuality. Bella deeply, deeply wants to have sex with Edward, and partake in the equally sexual act of being turned into a vampire. Edward, noble stallion that he is, protects her virginity and mortality, which she is too naive to appreciate. Sorry, but barf, that's not feminism.

[0+] Author Profile Page Lilly replied to nightingale :

"Edward, noble stallion that he is, protects her virginity and mortality, which she is too naive to appreciate. Sorry, but barf, that's not feminism"

This is just a side-note. Rosalie and Jasper (Edward's brother and sister) are a couple. On their first night together (as an unwed couple), they break seven pieces of furniture, because vampire-sex, is supposedly rough. Neither of them are made to look bad.

Edward is reluctant to have sex with Bella because she isn't built the same way a vampire is, and it would be cruel if one partner was domineering over the other.

[0+] Author Profile Page InfamousQBert replied to Lilly :

okay, haven't read the books or seen the movie, so i need clarification here. did you just say that 2 siblings were having sex in this story? if so, why aren't we talking about that, too?

[0+] Author Profile Page Megs replied to InfamousQBert :

They are brother and sister of Edward because they have been adopted so to speak by Esme and Carlisle like Edward. They are a family of adopted vampires who choose not to feed off of humans. Because they are ostrasized from the rest of the vampire world they have become their own family. Rosalie and Emmett, and Jasper and Alice are not actually related except by choice.

[0+] Author Profile Page Lilly replied to InfamousQBert :

No. Sorry. Jasper, Rosalie, Emett, Edward, and Alice are all "foster" children and in no way related. That's why Rosalie and Jasper are a couple.

They're not even foster so much as they are a group of friends that live together. They just tell everyone they are foster children so that they don't arouse suspicion.

I, like Geneva, am a huge Twilight fan.

I've read several posts (in several places) that describe the series as anti-feminist and I must disagree.

I wouldn't call the series a bastion of feminism and I don't say it gets a gold star or a cookie or anything, but I think when compare to similar tales, it does fair much better.

Bella isn't looking for something. She doesn't feel she's lacking anything. She's not looking for someone to make her whole or anything. She shows tenacity and determination. Yes, she does have some self confidence issues, but she's supposed to be a 17 yr old girl.

I also find that in most of these critiques, that not all of the saga has been read. I think it's absolutely necessary to have read the entire saga, b/c Bella's story doesn't end when "Twilight" does. Things do change.

There are several points in the series where I just very nearly stopped reading (or listening, mp3 books) because I was so infuriated with what was happening, but yet again, things change.

I, also like Geneva, don't think that you can't really remove the fictionalization while analyzing the series. The entire story really hinges on the humans interacting with the supernatural. However, I don't think these fantasy elements give it some sort of protection against criticism.

There are also things that Edward does that really speak more to being a vampire than anything else.

And I'm kind of stalling out b/c my other points involve the other 3 books, but they haven't been mentioned, so I'll stick to Twilight.

I totally agree with you...
I am also a Twilight series fan... It isn't classical literature but it is the first thing I picked up after college, because to me it was going to be a waste of time and non educational. I enjoyed it, however, some things were clearly not feminist and it did portray the ideals of the author, but most books do. But this is like Harry Potter and the Backstreet Boys, it will go away eventually.
I can't wait to see the movie... considering that I don't even know if it will come out in Japan.. heh

[0+] Author Profile Page EGhead said:

The argument that it's ok because it's fantasy is so, so dangerous. I don't have a problem with people reading this book and loving it...well, ok, I do. But I could keep that to myself if people would just straight up admit that the book is not only anti-feminist, but violently sexist (I won't go so far as to call it misogyny, though). My room mate loves the series, and she acknowledges its anti-woman aspects, and, therefore, I have no beef with her.

But to hide behind the fantasy element is absurd. It's this kind of logic that perpetuates not only sexism, but violence against women- it's not real, it's not really happening, let's just close our eyes.

P.S. The assertion that it's okay because she's only 17 is also absurd. I'm a teenage girl. Please don't insult my intelligence.

I'm not saying it's okay b/c it's fantasy. I'm saying the fantasy element can't be ignored when evaluating the actions of the characters. And as I said previously, just b/c it's fantasy doesn't make it exempt from criticism.

Geneva interpreted me correctly about Bella being 17 and having self confidence issues.

[0+] Author Profile Page BornSlippy replied to roxie :

Would you make the same argument for a lot of other "non-realistic" genres where the heroine is placed into danger because of who/what the hero is? This is a trope seen across fantasy and pulp. Detectives, cowboys, superheros, spies, etc. protecting female characters from the part of their lives that put them in a danger that "only he" can protect her from is nothing new, and neither are the feminist critiques of it.

The "fantasy" excuse is just that--an excuse. Fantasy and pulp fiction as a whole deals with the same issues and emotions and non-pulp and non-fantasy fiction, they just have fancier window dressings. I have not read the Twilight books so I cannot speak for them directly, but having read similar vampire-themed YA books aimed at young girls the plots of those books could have just as easily been done with--as one example--rival gangs instead of vampires and werewolves. I will not excuse sexist actions and attitudes that I would call out in non-pulp fiction just because their pulp counterparts have spurs, capes, or sharp, pointy teeth.

I'm not trying to excuse it, but I find a lot critiques that try to remove or ignore the "fact" that Edward being a vampire, Bella being a human, and Jacob being werewolf are reasons/motivations for a lot of the things they do

I think ShifterCat said it best.

[0+] Author Profile Page Geneva said:

i don't think roxie is saying it's ok because she's 17, she's just saying that a lot of 17 year old girls have self confidence issues, just like bella.
and just to clear it up, edward is never violent toward bella. his entire goal in life is to keep her safe, and any time she is in any pain, physical or emotional, it kills him.
i'm not saying that abuse is ok if it's set in a fantasy world. i'm saying that because it's a fantasy world, the circumstances are different. bella isn't some girl who's boyfriend is overprotective and controlling, she's a girl who's life is threatened by vampires, and the only real protection she has against that is... edward.
luckily for her, he's pretty invested in keeping her alive, being hopelessly in love with her and whatnot.

In Midnight Sun Bella tries to walk away from Edward and he grabs her coat, stopping her from leaving, feeling angry because he hasn't spent enough time with her yet. Not because he has to protect her from creatures that will kill her, but because he hasn't spent enough time with her yet. I think he's known her for about a month at this point. That's not a fantasty element or him trying to protect her, that is an unhealthy fixation.

I would also argue that the stalking - which is certainly not physically violent but DEFINITELY entirely inappropriate and disturbing - has nothing to do with keeping her safe. It starts up far before she gets into any trouble with any other vampires/wolves, and absolutely does not require his sneaking into her room through the window and watching her sleep WITHOUT HER KNOWING IT UNTIL THEY START OFFICIALLY DATING. As a matter of fact, we find out in Midnight Sun that he is also present in a number of scenes in Twilight in which she does not know he's there. He says he's not doing it to protect her, but just because he wants to watch her.

What's more, many of his "protective" moments (ie: keeping her captive to stop her from seeing her friends, driving her up to the border of La Push against her wishes, growing enraged with Mike for having the audacity to like Bella as well) occur without her permission. I don't really see how any of these can be chalked up to his being a vampire. Personally, I'd chalk them up to him being a creepy, obsessive guy who - let's not forget - wasn't first attracted to Bella because of her sparkling wit or great personality but because he wanted to eat her and was frustrated to the point of rage that he didn't know what she was thinking about at any given second.

Gah. I haven't read Midnight Sun (past chapter 1). I prefer to wait for the whole book instead of getting cliffhangered.

[0+] Author Profile Page Rose replied to Geneva :

(Breaking Dawn spoilers in this comment)

"and just to clear it up, edward is never violent toward bella. his entire goal in life is to keep her safe, and any time she is in any pain, physical or emotional, it kills him. ... i'm saying that because it's a fantasy world, the circumstances are different."

How do you feel about the plot development in "Breaking Dawn" when Bella discovers she's pregnant, knows and understands that it is a very risky pregnancy that could kill her, makes the CHOICE that she wants to keep her baby anyways, and then has to get a bodyguard (Rosalie) to protect her from Edward -- Bella's _husband_ -- who admits to Jacob that he is ready to physically strap Bella down and cut the baby out of her against her will to save her life?

Yes, it's a fantasy world. Yes, she is pregnant with a half-vampire baby, which is not a real-world issue. A risky pregnancy that could potentially kill the mother, however, is very MUCH a real-world issue. And most people would be horrified at the idea that, if a woman MAKES THE CHOICE that she wants to risk carrying the baby to term, she has to be kept physically safe from her husband so he can't strap her down and cut her baby out of her body against her will. The fantasy element of the book doesn't change what Edward wants to do.

(And the argument that Edward wants to abort the baby because of possible risks to the world from such a possibly-demonic creature doesn't hold. Edward doesn't want to terminate the pregnancy to possibly save the world from an antichrist-esque monster who could kill hundreds (since at first, they don't know WHAT kind of creature this half-vampire baby could turn out to be). Edward wants to terminate the pregnancy to save Bella's life, even though she _has told him her decision is to carry the baby to term_. She decides this, and she still needs Rosalie to act as a bodyguard to protect her from her OWN HUSBAND.)

It's just one example, but this scene in Breaking Dawn pretty well sums up every single problem I have with the series.

[0+] Author Profile Page aleks said:

I'm so glad I don't feel the need to try and intellectually justify Sports Illustrated.

[0+] Author Profile Page opheliasawake said:

The "but he's a vampire" argument is absurd. Buffy caught on pretty quickly, as did most of the humans that came into contact with Anne Rice's vampires. Heck, even Mina Murray tried to say no to Dracula. Meyer's vampires feel so allegorical, because they honestly lack the teeth (sorry about the pun). Edward is the "perfect man," i.e. a provider who does all the thinking for you. I agree with the good Count on the subject: Bleh.

[0+] Author Profile Page Geneva replied to opheliasawake :

it's not that he's a vampire and therefor abusive by nature, it's that his being a vampire puts her in danger that can really only be avoided by him protecting her, often taking actions that would seem abusive in a mundane human relationship where one party wasn't being hunted by a mythical creature they had no possibility of protecting themselves from...

I'm glad someone finally said this. I can't stand all of the Twilight hype.

[0+] Author Profile Page Kay said:

I've just finished reading the book, and personally, I don't understand why so many feminists are up in arms about this.
Obviously, we all have a right to our opinions. But having read through this book armed with all the criticism I'd read previously, it doesn't merit most of it.
There are several parts of the book where Bella stands up for herself. In the first book it's her own plan that they use to keep her safe, for example. She doesn't just let them do whatever they want blindly. She knows what she wants and keeps going after it.
Yes, the 'no sex till marraige' thing is stupid. Yes, her blind adoration of Edward is, well, blind and unreasoning. But for a character, with the whole 'first love' thing thrown in, it's kind of the reaction I'd expect from a 17 year old in love for the first time. And I positively love the fact that one of her arguements for why he should turn her into a vampire was that wiht her as a human and him as a vampire, their relationship was unequal. I believe her phrase was 'needing an equal playing field' (paraphrasing).
So it's not fantastic. It's not a feminist manifesto. But it's not full of 'violent sexism' either.

It's not Bella's character that I take issue with, but what is done with her character. After all, were I to meet her in real life (apart from finding her painfully boring) I wouldn't hate her. Her choices are her choices.

But the point is that Bella is not a person, she is a fictional character. Fictional characters are not real people, although they are portrayed as such, but devices used to tell a story. Regardless of whether Bella's motivations tell her to do this or that, the fact is that Stephenie Meyer has created a character who blows off college, her family, her friends, and her LIFE in order to get married and have a baby - and yes, she will have the baby, even if it kills her. Which it does.

I don't think Bella is stupid or unfeminist, but that's because Bella does not exist. I think the message of the book is stupid and unfeminist, and Bella is indeed a prime component of the book.

Not quite. Although it's not really expanded on in the book, Meyer has said that Bella would go on to attend college.

Maybe it's just me then, but it seems like too little too late.

No, it's not just you. I agree.

Word. One thing I will say for them is that they are addictive. I was pretty appalled by a lot of the content, but damn, I did actually read every single one. I don't even know how it happened :D

[0+] Author Profile Page Geneva replied to roxie :

haha. actually, if i remember correctly, she agreed to go to college before becoming a vampire(which is what edward wanted all along) so that he would have sex with her.

[0+] Author Profile Page Rose replied to roxie :

Unfortunately, the books never say it, so it doesn't really matter.

(I've little use for J.K. Rowling's "explanations" of what the characters do after the last Harry Potter book, too -- and I'm a huge Harry Potter fan. But it's what's _in_ the books that count.)

[0+] Author Profile Page Kay replied to gracie-bird :

like johanna in dairyland said below... un-feminist guilty pleasure.
Those are all valid points you've made, but what I"m saying is that so many people who criticize the books completely neglect to present a balanced view of it. Aside from what you and others mentioned, there are good moments in these books. I've mentioned a few from the first, and as I finish the others, I'm pretty sure I'll find more. I just feel that it's very unbalanced coverage that people keep listing all the bad, and throw the good out the door.

Because it's a book, you can't separate the fact that these are as you've said, characters who are not real. Plenty of people try to do that. I'd like to give the benefit of the doubt to teen girls, and submit that they probably can tell this from real life, and identify problem areas. My sister (13) said it pretty well. I was repeating a lot of the criticism I'd heard (hadn't read it yet), and she said that, yeah, Edward's behavior in real life would set of alarm bells in her head. But since it's fantasy, and is supposed to be a suspension from reality, she could just sit back and enjoy the story, because a lot of his motivation for his creepy behavior is, as he says multiple time, that he's not human.
She also said that it's a pretty good primer in 'what to watch out for' in a boyfriend. If he's acting like this, in real life, he's totally bad news.

[0+] Author Profile Page johanna in dairyland said:

Two things-

I've been sucked into the Twilight-verse, and actually enjoyed the books, even though I spend most of the time rolling my eyes at Bella's poor choices. And I'm still trying to figure out how it is that Edward is themostgorgeouscreatureever. Whatever. I also agree with the original post, and most of the critiques in the comments.

I just file it under "Un-Feminist Guilty Pleasure."

I read the first book years ago and thought it was awful, so I'm not sure I can comment on the sexism. I was much more offended by the terrible prose and complete lack of character development.

Later on, in one of the books I didn't read and never plan to, there's a huge anti-abortion message. I wonder how the movie is going to handle that.

[0+] Author Profile Page Kathryn said:

whoa. I don't know mu