Skewed sex ratios: An analysis of missing women

Cross posted from The Smoke-Filled Room

In 1990, Amartya Sen coined the term ‘missing women’ to denote the shortage of women contributing to the skewed sex ratios in Asia and Africa, where men outnumber women, in stark contrast to North America and Europe, where women outnumber men. Estimates of missing women were originally meant to represent some measure of the degree of gender discrimination. This discrimination was attributed to three main causes causes: sex-selective abortions, female infanticide, and the comparative neglect of female health and nutrition during childhood, which led to their deaths early in life.

In 2010, Anderson and Ray, used the Sen-Coale counterfactual, which compares birth and death ratios of men and women in developing countries to similar populations in developed countries, in order to examine the ratio of these missing women across both age and diseases levels. They found a wide variation in the pattern of these missing women between India and China.

“A large percentage of the missing women in China are located before birth and in infancy. We estimate that around 37–45% of the missing women in China are due to prenatal factors alone. But the numbers for India are more evenly distributed across the different age groups.”

In a more recent work in 2012, they further explore the unlikely distribution of missing women across India, and find that

“… a total of more than two million women in India are missing in a given year….First, the majority of missing women, in India die in adulthood. Our estimates demonstrate that roughly 12% of missing women are found at birth, 25% die in childhood, 18% at the reproductive ages, and 45% die at older ages.”

They also find a great deal of variation in the distribution of missing women by age group across the states: Punjab is the only state where the majority of missing women are found at birth, while Haryana and Rajasthan are the only two states where a majority of these missing women are either never born or die in childhood.  Read More »

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RadioShack sells sex in new dreadfully banal ad

I’m not sure what’s more sad and predictable: That RadioShack is telling its remaining female customers to talk a long walk on a short pier or that the rest of their customers have bought into it.

RadioShack, a company that is in serious trouble, has become exceedingly desperate and decided that the very real problems their company faces can be solved with a large serving of t&a. I think RadioShack could take a more honest approach, however. They could simply play this great classic by DJ Assault and gather a few models together for a car wash scene. Maybe the car would be covered in RadioShack logos. They could try to incorporate the image of electronics in there somehow, but why don’t RadioShack executives take a bold, Mad Men-like strategy and forgo the image of the product entirely?

Here is the real ad if you’d like to take a gander:

As Wall Street Journal writer Ann Zimmerman put it, “Not subtle.”

My biggest problem with advertisements like these is not that I think it’s never okay to sell sex, but that companies selling products that aren’t inherently gendered always chose to favor the male gaze. The female gaze doesn’t exist to RadioShack, or beer companies, or car companies. I don’t have time to list how many companies ignore women and our perspective in these advertisements on a regular basis. The only companies vying for straight women’s attention are Oikos, H&M (though I think gay men are also a target in that ad) and KraftRead More »

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Book publishing’s lady problem

A few weeks ago, an article by Deborah Copaken Kogan came out on The Nation. In it, Kogan, an author and former photojournalist, details her experiences in the dauntingly male-dominated world of book publishing.

But wait, *cue record stop* that’s just the problem – publishing is not a male dominated world at all. There are not more male writers than female writers. There are not more male readers than female readers. There are, as far as one can tell, not more male agents or publishers than woman. In fact, it may be the other way around. But one wouldn’t know this just by searching the winners of fiction contests, or by the reviews in The New York Review of Books or Paris Review or The Atlantic or Harpers or, or, or.

Yes, the list goes on.

This strikingly large disparity between the number of reviews of books with women authors versus books with male authors (including children’s fiction, creative nonfiction, poetry, fiction, and playwriting) can be best viewed in bright, clear red and blue graph form at vidaweb.org. VIDA: Women in Literary Arts continues to be the strongest voice for women writers, publishing solid facts on this disparity. Please, look and learn, but be prepared to be both shocked and ashamed.

Kogan’s article points out the mistreatment she received throughout her process of book publishing, from wanting to title her book on her experiences as a photojournalist in the war Shutterbabe instead of her requested Newswhore, a title used as an act of reclaiming the insult lobbed at female journalists, (which the publisher ultimately won); to the cover itself, a naked female silhouette with a hot pink background and a camera covering the vagina. (Thankfully, Kogan won on this blatant act of agenda pushing, and the cover remains her face behind the lens of a camera, which she had to shoot herself if she wanted it so much!Read More »

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Debunking the myths of rape culture

Understanding Rape Culture is a daunting task, for it is a concept that can easily be misunderstood.  The term Rape Culture refers to a culture that disempowers women by invalidating their desires and decisions, and brainwashes men to think that behavior that disregards women’s desires and decisions is acceptable.  This phrase has made its way into conversations across the country, however few people seem to fully understand its meaning.  One reason sexual assault is so difficult to talk about in today’s society is because Rape Culture is so pervasive and affects so many different aspects of life.  Rape Culture infiltrates society with a collection of myths.  The word “myths” is not meant in the fantastical sense, but rather implies false beliefs and expectations.  Below are four of the most important and most widely spread myths that Rape Culture perpetuates and the truth behind each one of them.  Though women are not the only victims of sexual assault, Rape Culture in America targets women and therefore women will be discussed as the survivors for the purpose of explaining Rape Culture.

 1.    Rape is a woman’s problem.

Women are the largest demographic of rape victims, but it is important to remember that they are victims and it is not a victim who commits the rape.  Men and boys should not be raping people.  It is an act of violence that causes irreversible damage and it should not be thought of as a viable option.  However, men too are victims of the Rape Culture that we live in that brainwashes people into thinking that female sexual desires do not matter.  Rape Culture is a problem that affects all of society and society must try to change.  Furthermore, the effects that sexual assault can have on an individual are traumatic and can alter her ability to trust, her ability to have a healthy intimate relationship, and her ability to normally function.  Rape survivors frequently experience a drop in grades and academic achievements, they have a higher likelihood of substance abuse, and they are more likely to be plagued psychological disorders, such as depression, PTSD, and suicide.  All of these things affect not only the survivor but also their family, friends, and colleagues.  Christina Parravini, in an article published on March 28, 2013 in the Washington Post, discusses the way that her twin sister’s rape, and ultimate death because of it, changed her and her family’s lives forever.  She reminds the reader “when you hear or see a story about rape or read a statistic about sexual violence against women, multiply the number of people harmed. Be conservative, if you must. Assume that two other women loved or depended on each woman or girl who was violated. So, for one rape, three are injured. And one in three women are assaulted worldwide. So, what’s that?  Three in three women are harmed.”  Read More »

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Unlearning surrender

Note: This post was originally published on the author’s blog.

In the wake of the Steubenville rape case verdict and a recent “falsely-reported” rape case at my alma mater, I feel compelled to talk about the day I confronted the guy who raped me.

It took a long time for me to get to a place where I even felt comfortable reaching out to him. First, there was the process of even admitting to myself that I’d been raped. That part took the longest–no one wants to be the girl who cried rape, and I certainly didn’t want to be seen as a victim to be pitied.

Then, there were the consequences of discussing the rape with my partner, friends, and family. That part was pretty easy, actually. I’m very lucky; everyone was supportive beyond belief.

Finally, after months of smashing self-judgement, quitting my post-collegiate caffeine addiction, seeing a therapist, and taking up yoga and a gluten-free diet, I sent him a message on facebook.

While I was dealing with the rape on my own, I’d been frustrated, upset, confused, and sad. I had not yet felt fear. But from the moment I contacted him to the moment we met in person, I was scared.

I’m not going to say that I was especially afraid of physical violence, although the thought of him getting physically aggressive did cross my mind. Mostly I worried that if the conversation went sour, I would have further evidence to hate our society (even more than I already do). It’s also possible that I was scared because I didn’t want to open up wounds that I thought had already healed.  Read More »

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